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Fifth letter of the alphabet of the Latin alphabet

E
Due east due east
(Meet below)
Usage
Writing system	Latin script
Type	Alphabetic
Language of origin	Latin linguistic communication
Phonetic usage	[e] [e̞] [ɛ] [ə] [ɪ~i] [ɘ] [ʲe] [h] (English language variations)
Unicode codepoint	U+0045, U+0065
Alphabetical position	v
History
Development	Ε ε ϵ 𐌄 E e
Time period	c. 700 BC to nowadays
Descendants	♯ Ə Æ Œ € ℮ Ǝ ∈ ℯ ℇ ℰ ℥ &
Sisters	Е Э Є Ё Ә Һ ה ه ܗ Ɛ Ե ե Է է Ը ը ࠄ 𐎅 Ⲉ
Variations	(Encounter below)
Other
Other letters usually used with	ee
This commodity contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, run across Help:IPA. For the distinction betwixt [ ], / / and ⟨⟩, meet IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

E, or east, is the 5th letter of the alphabet and the second vowel letter of the alphabet in the modern English alphabet and the ISO bones Latin alphabet. Its name in English language is e (pronounced ); plural ees,^[i] Es or E'due south.^[2] It is the nigh unremarkably used letter of the alphabet in many languages, including Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, French, German language, Hungarian, Latin, Latvian, Norwegian, Spanish, and Swedish. ^{[3] [four] [5] [6] [7]}

History

Egyptian hieroglyph qʼ	Proto-Sinaitic	Proto-Canaanite hillul	Phoenician He	Etruscan E	Greek Epsilon	Latin/ Cyrillic E

The Latin letter 'E' differs trivial from its source, the Greek letter of the alphabet epsilon, 'Ε'. This in turn comes from the Semitic alphabetic character hê, which has been suggested to take started as a praying or calling human figure (hillul 'jubilation'), and was most probable based on a similar Egyptian hieroglyph that indicated a unlike pronunciation. In Semitic, the alphabetic character represented /h/ (and /e/ in strange words); in Greek, hê became the letter epsilon, used to represent /e/. The various forms of the Old Italic script and the Latin alphabet followed this usage.

Use in writing systems

Pronunciation of the name of the letter ⟨e⟩ in European languages

English

Although Centre English language spelling used ⟨eastward⟩ to represent long and short /e/, the Bang-up Vowel Shift changed long /eː/ (as in 'me' or 'bee') to /iː/ while brusk /ɛ/ (every bit in 'met' or 'bed') remained a mid vowel. In other cases, the letter is silent, generally at the cease of words like queue.

Other languages

In the orthography of many languages it represents either [east], [e̞], [ɛ], or some variation (such as a nasalized version) of these sounds, oft with diacritics (as: ⟨e ê é è ë ē ĕ ě ẽ ė ẹ ę ẻ⟩) to betoken contrasts. Less unremarkably, as in French, German, or Saanich, ⟨eastward⟩ represents a mid-cardinal vowel /ə/. Digraphs with ⟨e⟩ are common to indicate either diphthongs or monophthongs, such equally ⟨ea⟩ or ⟨ee⟩ for /iː/ or /eɪ/ in English, ⟨ei⟩ for /aɪ/ in German, and ⟨european union⟩ for /ø/ in French or /ɔɪ/ in German language.

Other systems

The International Phonetic Alphabet uses ⟨e⟩ for the close-mid front unrounded vowel or the mid front end unrounded vowel.

About common letter

'East' is the most common (or highest-frequency) letter in the English language alphabet (starting off the typographer's phrase ETAOIN SHRDLU) and several other European languages, which has implications in both cryptography and data pinch. In the story "The Gilded-Bug" past Edgar Allan Poe, a character figures out a random character lawmaking by remembering that the almost used letter in English is Eastward. This makes it a difficult and popular letter to utilise when writing lipograms. Ernest Vincent Wright's Gadsby (1939) is considered a "dreadful" novel, and supposedly "at to the lowest degree part of Wright's narrative bug were caused by linguistic communication limitations imposed by the lack of Due east."^[8] Both Georges Perec's novel A Void (La Disparition) (1969) and its English translation by Gilbert Adair omit 'due east' and are considered better works.^[9]

Descendants and related characters in the Latin alphabet

• E with diacritics: Ĕ ĕ Ḝ ḝ Ȇ ȇ Ê ê Ê̄ ê̄ Ê̌ ê̌ Ề ề Ế ế Ể ể Ễ ễ Ệ ệ Ẻ ẻ Ḙ ḙ Ě ě Ɇ ɇ Ė ė Ė́ ė́ Ė̃ ė̃ Ẹ ẹ Ë ë È è È̩ è̩ Ȅ ȅ É é É̩ Ē ē Ḕ ḕ Ḗ ḗ Ẽ ẽ Ḛ ḛ Ę ę Ę́ ę́ Ę̃ ę̃ Ȩ ȩ E̩ e̩ ᶒ^[10]
• ⱸ : E with notch is used in the Swedish Dialect Alphabet^[11]
• Æ æ : Latin AE ligature
• Œ œ : Latin OE ligature
• The umlaut diacritic ¨ used higher up a vowel letter of the alphabet in German and other languages to indicate a fronted or front end vowel (this sign originated as a superscript east)
• Phonetic alphabet symbols related to Due east (the International Phonetic Alphabet just uses lowercase, but uppercase forms are used in another writing systems):
  • Ɛ ɛ : Latin alphabetic character epsilon / open e, which represents an open-mid front unrounded vowel in the IPA
  • ᶓ : Epsilon / open e with retroflex hook^[10]
  • Ɜ ɜ : Latin letter reversed epsilon / open e, which represents an open-mid central unrounded vowel in the IPA
  • ɝ : Latin small letter of the alphabet reversed epsilon / open up e with claw, which represents a rhotacized open-mid central vowel in the IPA
  • ᶔ : Reversed epsilon / open e with retroflex claw^[10]
  • ᶟ : Modifier letter small reversed epsilon / open up e^[10]
  • ɞ : Latin small letter closed reversed open up e, which represents an open-mid central rounded vowel in IPA (shown as ʚ on the 1993 IPA chart)
  • Ə ə : Latin alphabetic character schwa, which represents a mid cardinal vowel in the IPA
  • Ǝ ǝ : Latin letter turned e, which is used in the writing systems of some African languages
  • ɘ : Latin alphabetic character reversed e, which represents a close-mid cardinal unrounded vowel in the IPA
• The Uralic Phonetic Alphabet uses diverse forms of e and epsilon / open up e:^[12]
  • U+1D07 ᴇ LATIN Alphabetic character SMALL CAPITAL East
  • U+1D08 ᴈ LATIN Pocket-size Letter of the alphabet TURNED Open E
  • U+1D31 ᴱ MODIFIER LETTER Uppercase E
  • U+1D32 ᴲ MODIFIER LETTER Upper-case letter REVERSED E
  • U+1D49 ᵉ MODIFIER LETTER SMALL E
  • U+1D4B ᵋ MODIFIER Letter of the alphabet Minor Open up E
  • U+1D4C ᵌ MODIFIER LETTER SMALL TURNED Open up E
  • U+2C7B ⱻ LATIN LETTER Minor CAPITAL TURNED E ^[13]
• _eastward : Subscript small due east is used in Indo-European studies^[14]
• Teuthonista phonetic transcription system symbols related to Due east:^[15]
  • U+AB32 ꬲ LATIN SMALL Alphabetic character BLACKLETTER Due east
  • U+AB33 ꬳ LATIN SMALL LETTER BARRED E
  • U+AB34 ꬴ LATIN SMALL Letter of the alphabet E WITH FLOURISH

Ancestors and siblings in other alphabets

• 𐤄 : Semitic letter He (letter), from which the following symbols originally derive
  • Ε ε : Greek letter Epsilon, from which the following symbols originally derive
    • Е е : Cyrillic letter Ye
    • Є є : Ukrainian Ye
    • Э э : Cyrillic alphabetic character Due east
    • Ⲉ ⲉ : Coptic alphabetic character Ei
    • 𐌄 : Old Italic E, which is the ancestor of modern Latin E
      • ᛖ : Runic letter of the alphabet Ehwaz, which is possibly a descendant of Old Italic Eastward
    • 𐌴 : Gothic letter eyz

Derived signs, symbols and abbreviations

• € : Euro sign.
• ℮ : Estimated sign (used on prepackaged goods for sale within the European Spousal relationship).
• east : the symbol for the elementary charge (the electric charge carried past a single proton)
• ∃ : existential quantifier in predicate logic. It is read "at that place exists ... such that".
• ∈ : the symbol for gear up membership in set up theory.
• 𝑒 : the base of the natural logarithm.

Code points

Character data

Preview	East		east
Unicode name	LATIN Capital letter Eastward		LATIN SMALL Alphabetic character E
Encodings	decimal	hex	dec	hex
Unicode	69	U+0045	101	U+0065
UTF-8	69	45	101	65
Numeric character reference	E	E	e	e
EBCDIC family	197	C5	133	85
ASCII 1	69	45	101	65

¹ Likewise for encodings based on ASCII, including the DOS, Windows, ISO-8859 and Macintosh families of encodings.

Other representations

In British Sign Linguistic communication (BSL), the letter of the alphabet 'e' is signed by extending the index finger of the right paw touching the tip of index on the left hand, with all fingers of left paw open up.

Use equally a number

In the hexadecimal (base 16) numbering system, E is a number that corresponds to the number 14 in decimal (base of operations 10) counting.

References

1. ^ "Due east" a letter of the alphabet Merriam-Webster's Tertiary New International Dictionary of the English Language Unabridged (1993). Ees is the plural of the name of the letter of the alphabet; the plural of the letter itself is rendered Eastward's, Edue south, due east's, or es.
2. ^ "E". Oxford Dictionary of English language (tertiary ed.). Oxford University Press. 2010. ISBN9780199571123. noun (plural Es or Eastward'southward)
3. ^ Kelk, Brian. "Letter frequencies". Archived from the original on 2008-05-09. Retrieved 2022-02-02 .
4. ^ Lewand, Robert. "Relative Frequencies of Messages in General English Plain text". Cryptographical Mathematics. Central College. Archived from the original on 2008-07-08. Retrieved 2008-06-25 .
5. ^ "Frequency of Occurrence of Letters in Spanish". Santa Cruz Public Libraries. Archived from the original on 2008-05-eleven. Retrieved 2008-06-25 .
6. ^ "Frequency of Occurrence of Letters in French". Santa Cruz Public Libraries. Archived from the original on 2008-03-12. Retrieved 2008-06-25 .
7. ^ "Frequency of Occurrence of Letters in German". Santa Cruz Public Libraries. Archived from the original on 2012-06-28. Retrieved 2008-06-25 .
8. ^ Ross Eckler, Making the Alphabet Dance: Recreational Discussion Play. New York: St. Martin'south Press (1996): three
9. ^ Eckler (1996): 3. Perec's novel "was so well written that at to the lowest degree some reviewers never realized the being of a letter constraint."
10. ^ ^{a b c d} Lawman, Peter (2004-04-19). "L2/04-132 Proposal to add additional phonetic characters to the UCS" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-10-eleven. Retrieved 2018-03-24 .
11. ^ Lemonen, Therese; Ruppel, Klaas; Kolehmainen, Erkki I.; Sandström, Caroline (2006-01-26). "L2/06-036: Proposal to encode characters for Ordbok över Finlands svenska folkmål in the UCS" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-07-06. Retrieved 2018-03-24 .
12. ^ Everson, Michael; et al. (2002-03-twenty). "L2/02-141: Uralic Phonetic Alphabet characters for the UCS" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-02-19. Retrieved 2018-03-24 .
13. ^ Ruppel, Klaas; Rueter, Jack; Kolehmainen, Erkki I. (2006-04-07). "L2/06-215: Proposal for Encoding 3 Additional Characters of the Uralic Phonetic Alphabet" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-07-06. Retrieved 2018-03-24 .
14. ^ Anderson, Deborah; Everson, Michael (2004-06-07). "L2/04-191: Proposal to encode six Indo-Europeanist phonetic characters in the UCS" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-10-11. Retrieved 2018-03-24 .
15. ^ Everson, Michael; Dicklberger, Alois; Pentzlin, Karl; Wandl-Vogt, Eveline (2011-06-02). "L2/11-202: Revised proposal to encode "Teuthonista" phonetic characters in the UCS" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-10-11. Retrieved 2018-03-24 .

External links

osteenputeent.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E

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